Smart Growth Pet Peeves Continued--Elitism.

I want to like smart growth.  I really do.  I used to walk to work when I lived in DC, and I would love to live in such a walkable place again.  It was good for me (built in exercise) and the environment (no emissions since the car stayed parked most days). 

But, several things keep me from jumping on the smart growth bandwagon.  In my last post I complained about the transportation and infrastructure blind spots smart growth advocates have. They encourage building up at metro but ignore the fact that DC's metro system is falling apart.  Building up in this context just adds to metro's woes.  I was also put off by the cheery indifference smart growth advocates have to people who need cars and places to park them.  Some people need a car because they don't work near a metro station (even if they live by one).  In households with couples it is common to find one person who can use the metro and another who can't (and thus needs a space to park the car).  For smart growthers, though, these kinds of nuances just don't matter.  For them, we should all walk, bike, or metro to work, circumstances be damned. 

Today, as promised, I'll share my other pet peeve about smart growth.  It is inherently elitist.

Let's start with who smart growth advocates are targeting as their best potential acolytes--millennials.  It's now common wisdom that Millennials prefer city living and don't like cars.  Ok, maybe some of them like cars, but they can't actually afford to buy them, pay insurance, and cover parking costs.  Either way, they have a penchant for living in walkable neighborhoods near downtown, or next to metro hubs that will get them there. 

People who write about millennials often act as if this preference is natural, an obvious choice in the modern world.  However, not so many years ago the fashion was the exact opposite.  If you could afford to live away from the city center, and transit hubs, you did.  It was where crime, excess noise, and crowds presumably clustered. 

I bring up the fashion element here because fashionable things are often expensive.  In the context of smart growth, this means that when DC, MOCO, or Arlington County approve plans to build high-density housing near metro stops, they are usually talking about luxury apartment or condo developments.  If you don't believe me, just look at the advertisements for these apartment complexes near metro stations.

The Portico in downtown Silver Spring describes itself as "a luxury apartment community."  Rents for a 1 bedroom start at $1,702.  The View, a new 17 story building in Arlington uses similar language, describing itself as a complex of "luxury apartments a short stroll from Ballston Metro" that provides a "service focused approach to living" (because who doesn't need good servants?).  Rents for 540 square foot efficiencies start at $2,000.  One bedrooms with dens begin at $2,550.  A two bedroom--you'll need to shell out at least $4,300.

These rents don't just determine who will and won't move into new buildings.  They also affect people already living nearby, many of whom pay much lower rents.  These people are often forced out as landlords raise rents to compete for a share of the luxury market. 

How do smart growth advocates respond to the fact that building up, around transit hubs has resulted in high end development and displacement?  Many advocates have little to say about the trend.  For them higher density and fewer cars on the roads is what matters.  Others concede the lopsided nature of smart development, but think a few units set aside for low income residents will suffice.

Neither answer is satisfactory.  The first suggests that smart growth is not (and perhaps never was) about getting all of us out of our cars.  Rather, it is about selling a particular lifestyle to professionals in the millennial generation and beyond.  What happens to people who aren't professional doesn't seem to matter, even though many of them are forced to move further away from metros and rely on cars to get to work.

The second answer--to provide a few set asides to solve the problem--is akin to plugging a dam leak with a wad of gum.  It is insufficient to the task at hand.

So, the next time someone tells me I should get out of my car and walk to work, I'm going to ask them when my check arrives.  If I'm going to live with hubby, baby boy, and dog in The View, I'm going to need some help.

Next up:  Bonus Smart Growth Pet Peeve--it's all about the 1-bedroom. 

How do people get by on less than a living wage?

Yesterday I provided some living wage figures for the DMV.  In MOCO, a single adult needs to make at least $13.20 an hour to make a living wage.  A single parent with one child needs to earn $25.02.  I concluded yesterday's post by noting that discussions about a living wage are so important because a lot many people don't make one. So, how do people get by when they DON'T make a living wage.

Let's look at what people do to get by in terms of housing.  I focus on housing here because as the author's of the living wage calculator note, housing (and childcare costs) tend to be higher in metropolitan areas. 

In densely populated parts of the DMV (e.g. downtown Silver Spring, Columbia Heights, Ballston), people with low wages often double and triple up in one bedroom apartments.  This happens in 2 bedrooms too, but not as often.  Why?  Well, for starters, there just aren't as many 2- and 3-bedrooms in the DMV as there are 1-bedrooms.  And, their scarcity makes them more desirable, and thus more expensive.   

In my last apartment in DC there were two families who lived in 1-bedroom apartments in my building.  One family included 2 parents and 1 child.  The other had 2 parents and 2 children.  I don't know what their wages were, but I do know that squeezing into a 1-bedroom apartment was what they had to do to afford to live in our neighborhood in the city.  Even the small houses in the area cost upwards of $800,000.  I understood why they were willing to make the squeeze.  The schools were good and access to buses downtown was literally out our front door.  But, it was a sacrifice too.  A 1-bedroom with 3 and 4 occupants is definitely cozy, but exceptionally crowded.  There's too little closet space, not enough privacy, and only one toilet for the all of you.   

Millennials do this teaming up as well.  Although many of the millennials flocking to DC are young professionals, it is useful to keep in mind that being young and professional doesn't mean you can afford DC's luxury rents (Numbeo puts the average 1 bedroom rent in the city center at $1,984.38).  This is especially the case for interns and entry level staffers on the hill, and almost anyone at any level working for an NGO.  There's a reason a lot of millennials haven't left the nest, or have returned to it.  They can't afford to rent.

People do this in the suburbs as well.  There, though, the house is what gets piled up with people.  In households where people don't make a living wage, it is not uncommon for multiple generations of families live together under one roof.  Sometimes, families will also rent out their basements, or even single rooms.  Housing costs in DC's suburbs are lower than in the city, but they are still high, especially when compared to suburban locations in smaller cities, or in cities that aren't experiencing urban booms (e.g. Cleveland or Detroit). 

For people who don't make a living wage, the idea of a nuclear family in a single family house is just that--an idea. It isn't a reality, or likely to be one anytime soon. 
 

Random MOCO Pic of the Day

I sometimes forget that the train lines through downtown Silver Spring aren't just for the metro.  Freight trains travel through here too!  Today it was a Union Pacific train sitting on the bridge over Colesville Road at a standstill--sort of like the traffic below it.